The films show a characteristic quintuple layer growth with triangular terraces reflecting the crystal symmetry.įigure 12. Fig. 2C depicts an atomic force microscope image of a molecular beam epitaxy grown, (111) oriented Bi 2Se 3 film. It consists of a threefold rotation C 3 around the trigonal axis perpendicular to the surface and a mirror operation M along the ΓK-direction. Topological insulators in Bi 2Se 3, Bi 2Te 3 and Sb 2Te 3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface. One quintuple layer is about 1 nm in height. (C) Atomic force microscope image of triangular terraces ( dashed lines) consisting of single quintuple layers. The hexagonal lattice in one quintuple layer has three different positions, denoted as A, B, and C. Between two adjacent quintuple layers ( dashed lines), the coupling is weak and of van der Waals type.(B) Top view along the z-direction. The hexagonal lattice planes are stacked in an (ABCAB)-sequence (quintuple layer) connected by covalent bonds. (A) Schematic structure of layered Bi 2Se 3 crystal.
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